// ==++==
// 
//   Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// 
// ==--==

using System;

using Contracts = System.Diagnostics.Debug;
using Contract = System.Diagnostics.Debug;
//using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

// ReSharper disable once CheckNamespace
namespace Numerics
{

/*
	[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
	internal struct DoubleUlong
	{
		[FieldOffset(0)]
		internal double dbl;
		[FieldOffset(0)]
		internal ulong uu;
	}
*/


	internal static class NumericsHelpers
	{
		private const int KcbitUint = 32;

		/*internal static void GetDoubleParts(double dbl, out int sign, out int exp, out ulong man, out bool fFinite)
		{
			//Contract.Ensures(Contract.ValueAtReturn(out sign) == +1 || Contract.ValueAtReturn(out sign) == -1);

			DoubleUlong du;
			du.uu = 0;
			du.dbl = dbl;

			sign = 1 - ((int)(du.uu >> 62) & 2);
			man = du.uu & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF;
			exp = (int)(du.uu >> 52) & 0x7FF;
			if (exp == 0)
			{
				// Denormalized number.
				fFinite = true;
				if (man != 0)
					exp = -1074;
			}
			else if (exp == 0x7FF)
			{
				// NaN or Inifite.
				fFinite = false;
				exp = int.MaxValue;
			}
			else
			{
				fFinite = true;
				man |= 0x0010000000000000;
				exp -= 1075;
			}
		}

		internal static double GetDoubleFromParts(int sign, int exp, ulong man)
		{
			DoubleUlong du;
			du.dbl = 0;

			if (man == 0)
				du.uu = 0;
			else
			{
				// Normalize so that 0x0010 0000 0000 0000 is the highest bit set.
				int cbitShift = CbitHighZero(man) - 11;
				if (cbitShift < 0)
					man >>= -cbitShift;
				else
					man <<= cbitShift;
				exp -= cbitShift;
				Contract.Assert((man & 0xFFF0000000000000) == 0x0010000000000000);

				// Move the point to just behind the leading 1: 0x001.0 0000 0000 0000
				// (52 bits) and skew the exponent (by 0x3FF == 1023).
				exp += 1075;

				if (exp >= 0x7FF)
				{
					// Infinity.
					du.uu = 0x7FF0000000000000;
				}
				else if (exp <= 0)
				{
					// Denormalized.
					exp--;
					if (exp < -52)
					{
						// Underflow to zero.
						du.uu = 0;
					}
					else
					{
						du.uu = man >> -exp;
						Contract.Assert(du.uu != 0);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					// Mask off the implicit high bit.
					du.uu = (man & 0x000FFFFFFFFFFFFF) | ((ulong)exp << 52);
				}
			}

			if (sign < 0)
				du.uu |= 0x8000000000000000;

			return du.dbl;
		}
		*/


		// Do an in-place twos complement of d and also return the result.
		// "Dangerous" because it causes a mutation and needs to be used
		// with care for immutable types
		internal static void DangerousMakeTwosComplement(uint[] d)
		{
			// first do complement and +1 as long as carry is needed
			int i = 0;
			uint v = 0;
			for (; i < d.Length; i++)
			{
				v = ~d[i] + 1;
				d[i] = v;
				if (v != 0) { i++; break; }
			}
			if (v != 0)
			{
				// now ones complement is sufficient
				for (; i < d.Length; i++)
				{
					d[i] = ~d[i];
				}
			}
			else
			{
				//??? this is weird
				d = resize(d, d.Length + 1);
				d[d.Length - 1] = 1;
			}
		}

		// ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
		private static uint[] resize(uint[] v, int len)
		{
			if (v.Length == len) return v;
			uint[] ret = new uint[len];
			int n = Math.Min(v.Length, len);
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			{
				ret[i] = v[i];
			}
			return ret;
		}

		internal static void Swap<T>(ref T a, ref T b)
		{
			T tmp = a;
			a = b;
			b = tmp;
		}

		// ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
/*
		internal static uint GCD(uint u1, uint u2)
		{
			const int cvMax = 32;
			if (u1 < u2)
				goto LOther;
		LTop:
			Contract.Assert(u2 <= u1);
			if (u2 == 0)
				return u1;
			for (int cv = cvMax; ; )
			{
				u1 -= u2;
				if (u1 < u2)
					break;
				if (--cv == 0)
				{
					u1 %= u2;
					break;
				}
			}
		LOther:
			Contract.Assert(u1 < u2);
			if (u1 == 0)
				return u2;
			for (int cv = cvMax; ; )
			{
				u2 -= u1;
				if (u2 < u1)
					break;
				if (--cv == 0)
				{
					u2 %= u1;
					break;
				}
			}
			goto LTop;
		}
*/

		// ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
/*
		internal static ulong GCD(ulong uu1, ulong uu2)
		{
			const int cvMax = 32;
			if (uu1 < uu2)
				goto LOther;
		LTop:
			Contract.Assert(uu2 <= uu1);
			if (uu1 <= uint.MaxValue)
				goto LSmall;
			if (uu2 == 0)
				return uu1;
			for (int cv = cvMax; ; )
			{
				uu1 -= uu2;
				if (uu1 < uu2)
					break;
				if (--cv == 0)
				{
					uu1 %= uu2;
					break;
				}
			}
		LOther:
			Contract.Assert(uu1 < uu2);
			if (uu2 <= uint.MaxValue)
				goto LSmall;
			if (uu1 == 0)
				return uu2;
			for (int cv = cvMax; ; )
			{
				uu2 -= uu1;
				if (uu2 < uu1)
					break;
				if (--cv == 0)
				{
					uu2 %= uu1;
					break;
				}
			}
			goto LTop;

		LSmall:
			uint u1 = (uint)uu1;
			uint u2 = (uint)uu2;
			if (u1 < u2)
				goto LOtherSmall;
		LTopSmall:
			Contract.Assert(u2 <= u1);
			if (u2 == 0)
				return u1;
			for (int cv = cvMax; ; )
			{
				u1 -= u2;
				if (u1 < u2)
					break;
				if (--cv == 0)
				{
					u1 %= u2;
					break;
				}
			}
		LOtherSmall:
			Contract.Assert(u1 < u2);
			if (u1 == 0)
				return u2;
			for (int cv = cvMax; ; )
			{
				u2 -= u1;
				if (u2 < u1)
					break;
				if (--cv == 0)
				{
					u2 %= u1;
					break;
				}
			}
			goto LTopSmall;
		}
*/

		internal static ulong MakeUlong(uint uHi, uint uLo)
		{
			return ((ulong)uHi << KcbitUint) | uLo;
		}

		internal static uint GetLo(ulong uu)
		{
			return (uint)uu;
		}

		internal static uint GetHi(ulong uu)
		{
			return (uint)(uu >> KcbitUint);
		}

/*
		internal static uint Abs(int a)
		{
			uint mask = (uint)(a >> 31);
			return ((uint)a ^ mask) - mask;
		}
*/

		//    internal static ulong Abs(long a) {
		//      ulong mask = (ulong)(a >> 63);
		//      return ((ulong)a ^ mask) - mask;
		//    }

		private static uint CombineHash(uint u1, uint u2)
		{
			return ((u1 << 7) | (u1 >> 25)) ^ u2;
		}

		internal static int CombineHash(int n1, int n2)
		{
			return (int)CombineHash((uint)n1, (uint)n2);
		}
		internal static int CbitHighZero(uint u)
		{
			if (u == 0)
				return 32;

			int cbit = 0;
			if ((u & 0xFFFF0000) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 16;
				u <<= 16;
			}
			if ((u & 0xFF000000) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 8;
				u <<= 8;
			}
			if ((u & 0xF0000000) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 4;
				u <<= 4;
			}
			if ((u & 0xC0000000) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 2;
				u <<= 2;
			}
			if ((u & 0x80000000) == 0)
				cbit += 1;
			return cbit;
		}

		/*internal static int CbitLowZero(uint u)
		{
			if (u == 0)
				return 32;

			int cbit = 0;
			if ((u & 0x0000FFFF) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 16;
				u >>= 16;
			}
			if ((u & 0x000000FF) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 8;
				u >>= 8;
			}
			if ((u & 0x0000000F) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 4;
				u >>= 4;
			}
			if ((u & 0x00000003) == 0)
			{
				cbit += 2;
				u >>= 2;
			}
			if ((u & 0x00000001) == 0)
				cbit += 1;
			return cbit;
		}

		internal static int CbitHighZero(ulong uu)
		{
			if ((uu & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) == 0)
				return 32 + CbitHighZero((uint)uu);
			return CbitHighZero((uint)(uu >> 32));
		}*/

		//    internal static int CbitLowZero(ulong uu) {
		//      if ((uint)uu == 0)
		//        return 32 + CbitLowZero((uint)(uu >> 32));
		//      return CbitLowZero((uint)uu);
		//    }
		//
		//    internal static int Cbit(uint u) {
		//      u = (u & 0x55555555) + ((u >> 1) & 0x55555555);
		//      u = (u & 0x33333333) + ((u >> 2) & 0x33333333);
		//      u = (u & 0x0F0F0F0F) + ((u >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F);
		//      u = (u & 0x00FF00FF) + ((u >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF);
		//      return (int)((ushort)u + (ushort)(u >> 16));
		//    }
		//
		//    static int Cbit(ulong uu) {
		//      uu = (uu & 0x5555555555555555) + ((uu >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555);
		//      uu = (uu & 0x3333333333333333) + ((uu >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333);
		//      uu = (uu & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F) + ((uu >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F);
		//      uu = (uu & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF) + ((uu >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FF);
		//      uu = (uu & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF) + ((uu >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFF);
		//      return (int)((uint)uu + (uint)(uu >> 32));
		//    }
	}
}